He used a carbon fibre pressure vessel. Carbon fibre is a material that’s good in tension. Is has no strength in compression at all: it’s just woven cloth.
It works as an aircraft pressure vessel because the pressure inside is higher than the pressure outside, hence the carbon fibre works as a balloon and is in tension.
But for a submersible, the pressure outside is higher. The pressure vessel is getting compressed.
So the carbon fibre will give it a bit of stiffness, but the actual crush resistance is being provided by the epoxy resin that holds the carbon fibre weave together.
Am I missing something? Why the hell did they build a compression pressure vessel out of string glued together? It doesn’t matter how strong the string is: it will still fold up if you scrunch it into a ball. The structural strength came not from the string, but from the glue.
I’m amazed it took as long to fail as it did. I must be missing something here, right?
Why, for
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Am I missing something about the Titan sub?
He used a carbon fibre pressure vessel. Carbon fibre is a material that’s good in tension. Is has no strength in compression at all: it’s just woven cloth.
It works as an aircraft pressure vessel because the pressure inside is higher than the pressure outside, hence the carbon fibre works as a balloon and is in tension.
But for a submersible, the pressure outside is higher. The pressure vessel is getting compressed.
So the carbon fibre will give it a bit of stiffness, but the actual crush resistance is being provided by the epoxy resin that holds the carbon fibre weave together.
Am I missing something? Why the hell did they build a compression pressure vessel out of string glued together? It doesn’t matter how strong the string is: it will still fold up if you scrunch it into a ball. The structural strength came not from the string, but from the glue.
I’m amazed it took as long to fail as it did. I must be missing something here, right?
Why, for the love of all that’s holy, did they use carbon fibre?
If you have many many layers of T-shirt tightly bonded together (see gambeson), it might manage to be self-supporting. Maybe. The US Navy experimented with this for *shallow* water. But it's a really stupid way of doing it at any depth for all the reasons you say.
@Sion [main] I mean, that’s how my boat is built except s/carbon/glass/ but it doesn’t have to withstand a gazillion atmospheres. It just has to take its own weight and stay watertight.
Still, glass reinforced plastic boats delaminate if they take too many big waves. It’s not like delamination is a novel unknown failure method in these materials. It’s what they do.
The other obvious flaw, besides being made of a material that is notable for being strong in tension, not compression, is the use of a cylinder for a vessel that is going to experience pressure from the outside, not the inside.
Just suck the air out of an empty lemonade bottle, and you'll see how little of a pressure differential is needed for the cylindrical center section to squash flat, while the spherical ends keep their shape. Thicker walls are only going to do so much to prevent that.
That's why cylindrical submarines used down to hundreds of feet have bulkheads at intervals along their length to support the cylinder from the inside.
And submarines that are used at thousands of feet of depth are made up of spherical pressure vessels, because additional bulkheads and thicker walls cease to reinforce cylinders sufficiently at depths where the slightest imperfection can result in deformation, that /will/ progress further under those forces. Even submarines that look cylindrical from the outside, like the DSRV:
The boat is filthy. We need to go outside to clean it. We have brought materiais to clean it. We cannot be forced to clean it. Once we are outside the hatch, we are outside the law.
Ok, they ended that a minute or two before I thought they were going to.
In the book, she worked out it was a lie before she went outside. They discovered the code for the display and noted that it was only 8192 * 2048 pixels: enough for a helmet, but not enough for the cafeteria view screen.
How they choose to do season 3 is going to be interesting. The second book, “Shift”, takes place partially in flashback to our near future, and partly contemporaneously with the events of Wool.
The books are Wool, Shift, and Dust. Dust unites the storylines of Wool and Shift and continues immediately afterwards.
@Ozzy I think what happens at the end of Wool works better with Simms’ motivation. The way he does it with Lucas in the book is a bit 2 dimensional.
The question I’m wondering now is if S2 will end at the end of Wool, or about a chapter from the end. That would give them a nice cliffhanger, but if S3 is the first half of Shift, then none of it involves the characters we know (a lot of it happens pre-silo and we find out why they were built, who built them, and what it is that kills them when they go outside).
First time @Zoë O'Connell and I have got to the boat in months.
A new lifeform has evolved, created from some sort of capillary action resulting in months old sewage working its way back into the toilet bowl. Dealing with it was more disgusting than I care to think about. I am now having a beer.
@Simon Waldman Billionaires live in London and this is in London. so must be the same people. They should flood the tunnels, or something. #OrcaPeoplePosting
Renton Sinclair’s mother is a former Miss Illinois who wants to force trans people out of public life. That’s exactly what makes her a rising star in MAGA World.
A shit tonne of British people living in the EU have had their UK bank accounts closed because of you, so consider it karma, you nasty piece of shit. independent.co.uk/news/uk/poli…
Should you see one of those “schoolchild identifies as cat” stories, note that at least one UK journalist has been spotted on social media offering money for stories from parents whose children “identify as cats”.
Which is, of course, going to result in totally accurate stories.
*sigh* The transphobia spreads and the Right never has new ideas.
The "schoolchild identifies as a cat" probably won't catch on here because in the US it was confabulated because of the prescence of buckets of "kitty litter" in the classrooms.
They were there, of course, because of mass-shootings. Can't let kids go to the toilets when armed gunmen are roaming the halls.
@Christopher Mackay 🇨🇦 @CrazyMyra Like Tony Blair’s “hello nurses”; he made a target that everyone going to accident and emergency departments had to speak to a nurse with X minutes.
So hospitals just hired a nurse to stand at the door and greet people.
They may not be being crap -- there's a particular spot in my house where small (and thankfully inaudible and non-bitey) flies circulate, up to a couple of dozen on a hot day with windows open -- I don't think it's a chemical cue, I suspect it's a consensus fly nightclub spot, à la en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokunaga…
I once read a blog post by a plant breeder who was crossing domestic and wild tomatoes to develop tomato varieties that could produce a crop in climates where our current varieties don't grow.
Most of the poisonous compounds in tomatoes have a bitter flavor, so he got pretty good mileage out of tasting a tiny amount of a fruit and not continuing if it had a bad taste. But one time he ate a very tasty little tomato he'd bred, and then several hours later started feeling really sick. For some reason he wrote "sorry" and the identifying info of the poison fruited plant on himself and went to bed instead of seeking medical help. (He may have been living off grid in a remote place or something like that, I don't remember.) Luckily he wasn't too badly poisoned and lived to tell about it.
For anyone interested in plant breeding, modern domestic tomatoes don't have the genes for poison fruit anymore, so you can crossbreed them with each other safely.
@Kincaid @David Honess AIUI, that one came from an observation of the effects on goats that ate the plant by a monk who wanted to replicate the effect in humans.
@Becky is not a bear In terms of hemlock, apparently there’s no intoxication: just a horrible death as you lose the ability to breathe, but remain fully aware (it’s a neurotoxin).
Solanine, it seems can cause hallucinations, but only once you are deep into “oh shit, I’m going to die” territory, and apparently you have to get there via nausea, diarrhoea, muscle cramps, and a whole lot of other fun stuff.
The latter is one of my main IBS triggers, so I eat potatoes very sparingly.
I recall Guns Germs & Steel mentioning that not being poisonous in almonds is a recessive genetic characteristic, then speculating that some almonds being non poisonous might have been discovered by accident when a naughty child ate almonds and then didn't die.
The more I think about the 'coup' in Russia, the more I wonder if it wasn't just a bit of staged performative theatre, in order for Putin to appear as the 'strong', 'authentic' leader.
Elaine (middle left, top photo) wasn’t present for the reenactment so we had to improvise, but other than that, same people, 20 years apart. I’m the one at the back.
More Silo spoilers, probable ending scene of S1. Don't open unless you have read Wool.
So, S1 cliffhanger: I'm guessing it's going to be a zoom out from Juliette as she walks away, as Bernard says that line from the book, "Silo one, this is silo eighteen. We've got a problem."
Or is it going to show her entering Silo 17, and seeing that the airlock is jammed open, the silo is dark, and everyone is dead?
They're obviously playing up the whole, "the view screen is a lie" thing, so a huge part of the cliffhanger is gonna have to be the revelation that, no, the view screen is showing the truth (presumably by, as in the book, the skybox in the helmet view failing as she crests the hill. Seeing the ruins of Atlanta off in the distance would be quite dramatic). The human race is, indeed, almost extinct. The last sheriff and his wife did indeed die on that hill after cleaning the camera. There is indeed something very nasty out there. They're all dead, Dave.
Couldn't agree more! The fact that posts were shown as they were made rather than jumbled around by an algorithm really helped get actual up-to-the-minute information rather than whatever had the most engagement.
@eliza I think the mood was set when Honda announced the closure of their Swindon plant and literally turned a ship around that was carrying a load of equipment to update the production line.
A long-awaited parliamentary report in the United Kingdom asserts Russia may have influenced the Brexit referendum; more importantly, the UK government did little to find out and prevent it.
Musk challenging fellow techno- oligarch arsehole, Mark Zuckerberg, to a cage fight is mind boggling Dunning-Kruger, even by his standards.
Musk is basically a walking heart attack waiting to happen. Zuckerberg will absolutely beat the crap out of him in pretty short order.
I hate them both, but I think I hate Musk more, and it’s a shame this thing isn’t actually going to happen, because I would dearly love to see him meet the limits of his own hubris.
@bri_seven It would of course be poor ifnormation hygeine for you to tell us that catchphrase, though that won't stop any of us from wanting to know. @goatsarah
@David I’m reminded of the time when I was a preteen. I was bullied a lot. My friend’s brother thought he could get in on the action. He positioned himself and a crowd of about 20-30 kids on a bit of green space on the route between our homes and challenged me to a fight, effectively blocking my way unless I agreed.
I didn’t want to, but he made it very clear that I wasn’t getting past without.
I was a year older. I was taller. I walked up to him, knocked him down, sat on him before he could get up, then put my arm across his neck until has face turned purple and he started crying.
Then I got up and walked away.
He went home and cried to his mum. She effectively game him the “fuck around and find out” lecture.
Don’t challenge bullied kids to fights. They have likely learned through experience. Zuckerberg looks like he was bullied a lot more than Musk was.
Flight today had a lady who was clearly a nervous flyer. We hit some moderately serious clear air turbulence over Normandy and she screamed and had a panic attack, and then as we were descending over London, same again in the thermals making the big clouds that are currently blanketing SE England.
She was having a very very bad time, and everyone else being calm around her didn't seem to help. I felt pretty bad for her. She was clearly terrified.
was on one the other day, originally meant to be a 737-800 but saw a notification that it got swapped to the Max 8 😱 … didn’t die if that’s any reassurance
from what I've read, there's not much difference between a packed long distance flight and all those people driving the same distance one per vehicle. It's going really far that consumes tons of carbon. (But taking a bus or train gives you the group transport benefit of flying and the lower energy consumption of going by ground. A minivan full of friends is probably pretty fuel efficient too.)
I hope that keeping my car travel to a minimum does something to offset the yearly transatlantic flight to see my family. I'm able to do just about everything except medical appointments and buying gardening supplies by foot or bike here, which wasn't feasible in the US. (Designing towns to be accessible for non-drivers goes so much farther than treating transport as an individual choice, I think.)
@dusepo I mean, the only thing I really blame Crowe for is TAKING THE ROLE HE SHOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN OFFERED IN THE FIRST PLACE. ...Sorry for shouting, I guess that bothers me more than I realized.
@dusepo ...& there was so much to like about it! Including but not limited to Colm Wilkinson's stunt-casting, Ann Hathaway's (not very surprisingly) excellent performance, a welcome-to-heaven ending 100% less-creepy than the traditional staging,.... But yeah, javert gets enough screen time it's hard to watch through his scenes.
@Buster For some reason this reminds me in part of Neil Young getting sued by his label for (among other things) using a vocoder on _Transformer_. (Framed by the label as 'not sounding like Neil Young. Which is hilarious to me because as a high school kid at the time it felt like a rare example of a middle-aged rocker actually doing something interesting instead of pandering to the kids.) @goatsarah
@Buster As an effect it’s pretty obvious, but when trying to sound natural it is still possible to hear it, but the number of people who can are quite few (as in you have to learn, not as in you have to be a super human).
Also depends on how bad the original is, and how willing they are to do retakes.
Also the people who can sing will burst out in song randomly. Jack Black can sing for sure. 😀
@mattb Book is disturbing as hell & IMO very worth reading. Alfredson's film version is a VERY close adaptation & it's very creepy & effective. Haven't seen the American version or the series.
if he criticised injustice when he was poor they said he was jealous and if ditto when he was rich they said he was a hypocrite and actually they just didn't want it criticised. Ish. From memory.
@Ailbhe I do think there's a lot of, "when you point out that this is real humans I joke about wanting dead, it makes me feel bad and I'd rather you didn't do that" going on here.
The reason it pisses me off so much specifically, I guess, is because when this started happening I was anticipating bringing my boat here eventually, and followed the discussion groups, and now I've followed them for the last few years.
And some of the stories I heard, people were really fucking scared, you know? When the only people who knew about this were sailors and marine biologists and a few others, seeing videos of people cowering in terror and despair as this gang of enormous fucking sea monsters set about destroying the only thing keeping them from just drowning.
And the story of the family who evacuated to their life raft (being in an inflatable life raft is a wretched miserable experience: you are cold, you are wet, and you are almost certainly covered in your own vomit), beggi
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@Ailbhe I do think there's a lot of, "when you point out that this is real humans I joke about wanting dead, it makes me feel bad and I'd rather you didn't do that" going on here.
The reason it pisses me off so much specifically, I guess, is because when this started happening I was anticipating bringing my boat here eventually, and followed the discussion groups, and now I've followed them for the last few years.
And some of the stories I heard, people were really fucking scared, you know? When the only people who knew about this were sailors and marine biologists and a few others, seeing videos of people cowering in terror and despair as this gang of enormous fucking sea monsters set about destroying the only thing keeping them from just drowning.
And the story of the family who evacuated to their life raft (being in an inflatable life raft is a wretched miserable experience: you are cold, you are wet, and you are almost certainly covered in your own vomit), begging rescuers not to come near in case they brought the orcas back.
And then people tell me that I'm pissing them off because I think that laughing at these people is fucked up. Just ... no.
@Kincaid @Ailbhe yeah. If this doesn’t deescalate soon, it possibly ends in the extinction of the Iberian orca.
The Spanish marine authorities could have nipped this in the bud 3 years ago by culling 3 individuals, but decided malign indifference was a better approach because of the reason.
A common complaint about “disruptor” types is that they are entirely cavalier about tossing aside established practice without establishing whether or not it’s established for a bloody good reason.
A phrase often used by critics of these people is that safety standards and engineering regulations are “written in blood”.
I understand one of the people currently trapped in the “Fred in a very expensive shed” submarine is the man responsible for building the thing with obvious disdain for safety and engineering regs.
@Hugs4friends ♾ Indeed. If, as seems likely, they die because they trusted this cowboy with their lives, I hope enough remains of his estate for their families to sue it into oblivion.
It's the "teenage son" that boils my piss. take all the risks you want for yourself and your rich mates, but taking a teenager into what can be fairly described as a rickety deathtrap? No.
Yeah. I've been waiting for someone to say, "What seriously, your pops got a whole fishing boat for free? Yeah right!" which is something else that needs addressing in this context. Rural and coastal communities often have barter cultures, and while my dad is skint, he's also built many of the dry-stone walls (a dying skill) in his part of Wales, and odd-jobs for people without even thinking of charging. You got a swarm of bees? Call dad, he keeps them and farms them for honey. What goes around, comes around.
It's all just a lot more complicated than The Discourse (as you put it) allows for. We should be advocating for deterants to stop an endangered species from attacking boats, not egging them on! Because at this rate people will start harpooning orcas on sight...and then it won't be "the rich" who suffer.
@Probably Paul Also, there are a glut of GRP boats from the 70s and 80s that are literally worth nothing, but the hulls are still perfectly fine. These boats are often passed on for a couple of hundred euros, or even nothing, and then the interiors and rigging rebuilt as hobbies.
Sites like Twitter always had this thread decontextualising problem too, although they do show that a post is part of a thread at least. Some Fedi clients do the same or better, like the one I'm on at the mo:
@SusanLewis If you aren’t comfortable with the Unix command line and editing system files on Linux, it’s going to be a very steep learning curve. Hosting fediverse servers is not something that has been packaged up in a “plug and go” way yet. You need to have a domain name, set up an HTTPS reverse proxy, an email server, database, etc.
@SusanLewis OK. You are gonna struggle to get it working then. Maybe someone will build a "home fediverse server" package that can run easily on a Mac or Windows machine, but they haven't yet, to my knowledge. It's currently a bit arcane.
[mobile.twitter.com] Here it is summarized: ----------- so my eldest brother, who is a moron, has been playing soldier with his moron friends in the deserts of texas for the last year preparing for the collapse of civilization if biden won (lol).
Silo SPOILERS. DO NOT OPEN THIS UNLESS YOU HAVE READ AT LEAST THE SECOND BOOK
My brain won’t let nightmare go. Just imagining the RNC “longtermist” approach to silos is terrifying. Like schools: how would they combine vouchers and book bans?
At least the anti-union, “just work harder to get advancement” sentiment would go over great.
But then again, every hard right post-apocalyptic fiction ends up with collective ownership by the “good guys”.
Chadee 🦨🐋, Dream Witch 🌕 🌊
in reply to Sarah Brown • • •@montag I left Twitter because I didn't want to be free content for some asshole billionaire.
It's not happening here.
GWAA! GWAA!
in reply to Sarah Brown • • •Sarah Brown likes this.
Dawn Ahukanna
in reply to Sarah Brown • • •@montag
So 2023 AOL enclosure?